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ÃQ¯÷°Ò¡]D. J. Wiseman¡^
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¡@¡@¦pªG±©¦³¨ü¹LWªº¤H¤~¯à¬°¬ù§B°O§@µù¡A±©¦³±q«q°f¤¤¦^ÀYªº¤H¤~¯àÄÀ·N¬ù®³®Ñ¡A¨º»ò±©¦³¸g¾ú¹L¤Û¹Ú¯}¸H¡B¹ï¥@¬Éµ´±æ¡B¹½±óªº¤H¡A¤~¦³¸ê®æ¼g¶Ç¹D®ÑªºµùÄÀ¡FY¬O¦p¦¹¡A§Ú¥iºâ¦³¸ê®æ¤F¡C³oºØ¸gÅç³\¦h¤H³£¸g¾ú¹L¡A¦ý¬O¦³¨Ç¤H¨H·Ä¨ä¤¤«á¦A¤]µLªk¦Û©Þ¡CÃø©Ç¦b³\¦h¤£¦Pªº°é¤l¤¤¡A³£¥iµo²{¦³¤H¨ü¶Ç¹D®Ñ§l¤Þ¡F¥LÌ»{¬°§@ªÌ¬O¤@¦ì¡u·Å©Mªº¼J¿ØªÌ¡v¡A»P¥L¡u¤ß¦³±±²j¡v¡C¤H¹ï¥Í©Rªº¬Ýªk¡A¶}©lªº¨¤«×¥i¯à«D±`¤£¦P¡A¦ý³Ì²×¥¿¦pº~§Q¡]W. E. Henley¡^ªº¸Ü¡G
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¡@¡@©å§@©Ó»X¼¯®õº¸ªª®v¡]Rev. J. A.
Motyer¡^¬Æ¦h«üÂI¡A¥L¦b§J§Q¤Òµn¯«¾Ç°|¡]Clifton Theological College¡^°õ±Ð´Á¶¡¡A§Ú±`¥h¦V¥L½Ð±Ð¡C¥ô±Ð©óÛ´°¤j¾ÇªF¤è»P«D¬w¬ã¨s¾Ç°|ªº
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Aalders Het
Boek de Prediker by G. Ch. Aalders (Commentar op Het Oude Testament),
1948.
Barton Ecclesiastes
by G. A. Barton (International Critical Commentary), 1908.
CPIQ M.
Dahood, 'Canaanite-Phoenician Influence in Qoheleth', Biblica, 33. 1952,
pp. 30-52, 191-221.
Delitzsch The
Song qf Songs and Ecclesiastes by F. Delitzsch, 1891.
Ellemeier Qohelet I/1, Untersuchengen zum Buche Qohelet by F. Ellermeier, 1967.
Galling Die Fu/f Megilloth by K. Galling, 1940, 2
1969.
Ginsberg Supplementary
Studies in Koheleth by H. L. Ginsberg, 1952.
Ginsburg Coheleth by C. D. Ginsburg, 1861.
Gordis Koheleth - the Man and His World by R. Gordis, 1955.
Graetz Kohelet oder der Salomonische Prediger by H. Graetz. 1871.
Hengstenberg Commentary
on Ecclesiastes by E. W. Hengstenberg, 1869.
Hertzberg Der
Prediger, Das Buch Esther by H. W. Hertzberg and H. Bardtke (Kommentar
zum Alten Testament), 1963.
Jastrow A
Gentle Cynic by M. Jastrow, 1919.
Jones Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes by E. Jones (Torch Bible Commentaries), 1961.
Kidner A
Time to Mourn, and a Time to Dance by D. Kidner (The Bible speaks today),
1976.
Lauha Kohelet
by A. Lauha (Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament), 1978.
Leupold Exposition
of Ecclesiastes by H. C. Leupold, 1952.
Luther 'Notes
on Ecclesiastes', Luther's Works, vol. 15, 1972.
Lys L~Eccle*siaste ou que vaut la vie¡H by D.
McNeile An
Introduction to Ecclesiastes by A. H. McNeile, 1904.
PBQ M.
Dahood, 'The Phoenician Background of Qoheleth', Biblica, 47, 1966, pp.
264-282.
Plumptre Ecclesiastes
or The Preacher by E. H. Plumptre, 1881.
Podechard L~Eccle*siaste by
Power Ecclesiastes
or The Preacher by A. D. Power, 1952.
QRD M.
Dahood, 'Qoheleth and Recent Discoveries', Biblica, 39, 1958, pp.
302-318.
Ranston Ecclesiastes
and the Early Greek Wisdom Literature by H. Ranston, 1925.
Rylaarsdam Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon by J. C. Rylaarsdam, 1965.
Scott Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes by R. B. Y. Scott (Anchor Bible), 1965.
Thilo Der
Prediger by M. Thilo, 1923.
Wardlaw Lectures
on the Book of Ecclesiastes by R. Wardlaw, 2 vols., 1838.
Wildeboer Der
Prediger by G. Wildeboer, 1898.
Williams Ecclesiastes
by A. L. Williams (The
Wright The
Book of Koheleth by C. H. H. Wright, 1883.
Zimmerli Das
Buch Des Predigers Salomo by W. Zimmerli, 1962.
¢º ¸t¸gª©¥»
AV Authorized
Version (King, James), 1611.
ASV American
Standard Version, 1901.
GNB Good
News Bible, 1976.
Heb. Hebrew.
JB
LXX The
Septuagint (Greek Version of the Old Testament).
mg. margin.
Moffatt A
New Translation of the Bible by J. Moffatt, 1935.
MT Massoretic
Text.
NAB The
New American Bible, 1970.
NASV New
American Standard Version, 1971.
NIV New
International Version, 1978.
Peshitta The
Old Testament in Syriac (E. J. Brill,
RSV Revised
Standard Version, 1952.
RV Revised
Version, 1885.
Targum A.
Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic , vol. IVA, 1968.
¢» ¨ä¥L°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ
ANET Ancient
Near Eastern Texts edited by J. B. Pritchard, 3 1969.
BDB Hebrew-English
Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs,
1907.
DS Hebrew
Syntax by A. B. Davidson, 3 1901.
DTTML Dictionary
of the Targumin, Talmud Babli, Yerushalmi' and Midrashic Literature by M. Jastrow, 1971
edition.
GK Hebrew
Grammar by W. Gesenius, E. Kautzsch and A. F. Cowley, 2 1910.
IB The
Interpreter's Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 12vols., 1952-57.
IBD The
Illustrated Bible Dictionary edited by N. Hillyer et al., 3 vols., 1980.
IDB The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al.,
4 vols., 1962.
Jou/on Grammaire de l~He*breu Biblique by P. Jou/on, 1923.
Lambert Babylonian
Wisdom Literature by W. G. Lambert, 1960.
Leiman The
Canonisation of the Hebrew Scriptures by S. Z. Leiman, 1976.
LS A
Greek-English Lexicon by H. Liddell and R. Scott, 9 1940.
NBCR The
New Bible Commentary Revised edited by D. Guthrie et al., 1970.
SIAIW Studies
in Ancient Israelite Wisdom edited by J. L. Crenshaw, 1976.
TDNT Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich; E. T. edited by G.
W. Bromiley, 10 vols., 1964-76.
UBD Unger's
Bible Dictionary by M. F. Unger, 1957.
WIANE Wisdom
in
References to
Ibn Ezra and Kimchi (Jewish commentators) and
¢¼ ´Á¥Z
BASOR Bulletin
of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Bib Biblca.
CBQ Catholic
Bible Quarterly.
EQ Evangelical
Quarterly.
HUCA
IEJ
JAOS Journal
of the American Oriental Society.
JBL Journal
of Biblical Literature.
JEA Journal
of Egyptian Archaeology.
JNES Journal
of Near Eastern Studies.
JNSL Journal
of Northwest Semitic Languages.
JQR Jewish
Quarterly Review.
JSS Journal
of Semitic Studies.
JTS Journal
of Theological Studies.
OTS Oudtestamentische
Studien.
PEQ
SJT Scottish
Journal of Theology.
TB Tyndate
Bulletin.
VT Vetus
Testamentum.
VTS Supplement
to Vetus Testamentum.
WTJ
ZATW Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche
Wissenschaft.
²¼g¤@Äý
¢¹¡@¶Ç¹D®ÑªºµùÄÀ»P½×¤å
Aalders Het
Boek de Prediker by G. Ch. Aalders (Commentar op Het Oude Testament),
1948.
Barton Ecclesiastes
by G. A. Barton (International Critical Commentary), 1908.
CPIQ M.
Dahood, 'Canaanite-Phoenician Influence in Qoheleth', Biblica, 33. 1952,
pp. 30-52, 191-221.
Delitzsch The
Song qf Songs and Ecclesiastes by F. Delitzsch, 1891.
Ellemeier Qohelet I/1, Untersuchengen zum Buche Qohelet by F. Ellermeier, 1967.
Galling Die Fu/f Megilloth by K. Galling, 1940, 2
1969.
Ginsberg Supplementary
Studies in Koheleth by H. L. Ginsberg, 1952.
Ginsburg Coheleth by C. D. Ginsburg, 1861.
Gordis Koheleth - the Man and His World by R. Gordis, 1955.
Graetz Kohelet oder der Salomonische Prediger by H. Graetz. 1871.
Hengstenberg Commentary
on Ecclesiastes by E. W. Hengstenberg, 1869.
Hertzberg Der
Prediger, Das Buch Esther by H. W. Hertzberg and H. Bardtke (Kommentar
zum Alten Testament), 1963.
Jastrow A
Gentle Cynic by M. Jastrow, 1919.
Jones Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes by E. Jones (Torch Bible Commentaries), 1961.
Kidner A
Time to Mourn, and a Time to Dance by D. Kidner (The Bible speaks today),
1976.
Lauha Kohelet
by A. Lauha (Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament), 1978.
Leupold Exposition
of Ecclesiastes by H. C. Leupold, 1952.
Luther 'Notes
on Ecclesiastes', Luther's Works, vol. 15, 1972.
Lys L~Eccle*siaste ou que vaut la vie¡H by D.
McNeile An
Introduction to Ecclesiastes by A. H. McNeile, 1904.
PBQ M.
Dahood, 'The Phoenician Background of Qoheleth', Biblica, 47, 1966, pp.
264-282.
Plumptre Ecclesiastes
or The Preacher by E. H. Plumptre, 1881.
Podechard L~Eccle*siaste by
Power Ecclesiastes
or The Preacher by A. D. Power, 1952.
QRD M.
Dahood, 'Qoheleth and Recent Discoveries', Biblica, 39, 1958, pp. 302-318.
Ranston Ecclesiastes
and the Early Greek Wisdom Literature by H. Ranston, 1925.
Rylaarsdam Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon by J. C. Rylaarsdam, 1965.
Scott Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes by R. B. Y. Scott (Anchor Bible), 1965.
Thilo Der
Prediger by M. Thilo, 1923.
Wardlaw Lectures
on the Book of Ecclesiastes by R. Wardlaw, 2 vols., 1838.
Wildeboer Der
Prediger by G. Wildeboer, 1898.
Williams Ecclesiastes
by A. L. Williams (The
Wright The
Book of Koheleth by C. H. H. Wright, 1883.
Zimmerli Das
Buch Des Predigers Salomo by W. Zimmerli, 1962.
¢º ¸t¸gª©¥»
AV Authorized
Version (King, James), 1611.
ASV American
Standard Version, 1901.
GNB Good
News Bible, 1976.
Heb. Hebrew.
JB
LXX The
Septuagint (Greek Version of the Old Testament).
mg. margin.
Moffatt A
New Translation of the Bible by J. Moffatt, 1935.
MT Massoretic
Text.
NAB The
New American Bible, 1970.
NASV New
American Standard Version, 1971.
NIV New
International Version, 1978.
Peshitta The
Old Testament in Syriac (E. J. Brill,
RSV Revised
Standard Version, 1952.
RV Revised
Version, 1885.
Targum A.
Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic , vol. IVA, 1968.
¢» ¨ä¥L°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ
ANET Ancient
Near Eastern Texts edited by J. B. Pritchard, 3 1969.
BDB Hebrew-English
Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs,
1907.
DS Hebrew
Syntax by A. B. Davidson, 3 1901.
DTTML Dictionary
of the Targumin, Talmud Babli, Yerushalmi' and Midrashic Literature by M. Jastrow, 1971
edition.
GK Hebrew
Grammar by W. Gesenius, E. Kautzsch and A. F. Cowley, 2 1910.
IB The
Interpreter's Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 12vols., 1952-57.
IBD The
Illustrated Bible Dictionary edited by N. Hillyer et al., 3 vols., 1980.
IDB The
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al.,
4 vols., 1962.
Jou/on Grammaire de l~He*breu Biblique by P. Jou/on, 1923.
Lambert Babylonian
Wisdom Literature by W. G. Lambert, 1960.
Leiman The
Canonisation of the Hebrew Scriptures by S. Z. Leiman, 1976.
LS A
Greek-English Lexicon by H. Liddell and R. Scott, 9 1940.
NBCR The
New Bible Commentary Revised edited by D. Guthrie et al., 1970.
SIAIW Studies
in Ancient Israelite Wisdom edited by J. L. Crenshaw, 1976.
TDNT Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich; E. T. edited by G.
W. Bromiley, 10 vols., 1964-76.
UBD Unger's
Bible Dictionary by M. F. Unger, 1957.
WIANE Wisdom
in
References to
Ibn Ezra and Kimchi (Jewish commentators) and
¢¼ ´Á¥Z
BASOR Bulletin
of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Bib Biblca.
CBQ Catholic
Bible Quarterly.
EQ Evangelical
Quarterly.
HUCA Hebrew
Union College Annual.
IEJ Israel
Exploration,Journal.
JAOS Journal
of the American Oriental Society.
JBL Journal
of Biblical Literature.
JEA Journal
of Egyptian Archaeology.
JNES Journal
of Near Eastern Studies.
JNSL Journal
of Northwest Semitic Languages.
JQR Jewish
Quarterly Review.
JSS Journal
of Semitic Studies.
JTS Journal
of Theological Studies.
OTS Oudtestamentische
Studien.
PEQ Palestine
Exploration Quarterly.
SJT Scottish
Journal of Theology.
TB Tyndate
Bulletin.
VT Vetus
Testamentum.
VTS Supplement
to Vetus Testamentum.
WTJ Westminster
Theological, Journal.
ZATW Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche
Wissenschaft.
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¡@¡@ì¤åÃÒ¾Úªº¥t¤@¸ê®Æ¡A¬O¬ù¥jĶ¥»¡C¨ä¤¤³Ì«nªº´N¬O¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡C¦¹Ä¶¥»¬ù¦b¥D«e²Ä¤T¥@¬ö´N¤w±q¼¯¦è¤¸g¶}©l³v¨B¶i¦æ¡A¬ù©ó¥D«e¤G¥@¬ö¥½§¹¦¨¡A¦Ó¶Ç¹D®Ñ¬O¦ó®ÉĶ¦¨¡A´N¤£±o¦Óª¾¤F¡C¦ã´µ¥±¡]O. Eissfeldt¡^«ÅºÙ¡A¦è©Ô¡]Ben Sira¡^¬ù¦b¥D«e130¦~´N¤w§¹¦¨©Ò¦³«ßªk®Ñ¡B¥ýª¾®Ñ©M´¼¼z®Ñ4¡C¦ý¤Ú´µ¹p¡]D. Barthele*my¡^Án¨¥¡A¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¶Ç¹D®Ñ¬O¨È°ò©Ô¡]Aquila¡^©ÒĶ¡A¥L¦b²Ä¤G¥@¬ö§¹¦¨¤F¤@¥»¥X¦âªº§Æþ¤åĶ¥»\cs185¡C¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¬Û·íª½Ä¶¡A»á¯à¬°¶Ç²Îªº°¨©Ò©ÔĶ¥»§@ÃÒ¡C
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¡@¡@¥t¤@ÓÃÒ¾Ú¡A¬O²Ä¥|¥@¬öC¬X¦ÌªºªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»¡A³o¬O¦´Á©Ô¤B¤åªº×q¥»¡C¾¨ºÞªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»¬O®Ú¾Ú°¨©Ò©Ô§Æ§B¨Ó¤åª©¡A¦ýC¬X¦Ì¹ï¸g¤åªº§PÂ_¡A¤´²`¨ü¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¼vÅT7¡C
¡@¡@¾Ú±ö·æ¡]S. A. B.
Mercer¡^ªº±À´ú¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñªº¦ç¯Á¤Ç¨Èª©¡A¦~¥NÀ³¦b¥D«á650¦~¥H«e¡C¦¹ª©¥»ÅãµM¹ï°¨©Ò©Ô¥»¡BªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»¬Æ¦Ü¥j©Ô¤B¥»©M±Ô§Q¨È¥»³£¦³»{ÃÑ¡C±ö·æ«ü¥X¡A¦³¤Q¤K³B¬O¨Ì±q°¨©Ò©Ô¥»¡A¦Ó«D¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡F¥t¦³¤Q¥|³BÅã¥X¹ï°¨©Ò©Ô¥»¤§«eªº§Æ§B¨Ó¥»¦³»{ÃÑ8¡C
¡@¡@¨ÈÄõ¥LÒ®Ú»yªº¶Ç¹D®Ñ¹ï©ó¸g¤å¬ã¨s¨S¦³¤Ó¤j·N¸q¡A¦]¥¦¬O«Ü¦Û¥Ñªº·NĶ¥»¡A¥B¦~¥N¤£·|¦©ó¥D«á²Ä¤¥@¬ö¡F¥¦¤§©Ò¥H¤Þ¤Hª`·N¡A¥Dn¬O¦bµùÄÀ¥v¤W¥i¥Nªí¬Y¤@¶¥¬q9¡C
¡@¡@¬ã¨s³o¨Çª©¥»¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥HÂkµ²¥X¶Ç¹D®Ñªºì¥»«O¦s¬Æ¬O§´µ½¡A¤ñ³\¦h¬ù¸g¨÷§xÃø§ó¤Ö¡A©øÄõ§Û¥»©M¨ä¥Lª©¥»³£¤ä«ù°¨©Ò©Ôªº¶Ç²Î§Û¥»¡C
1 ²Ó¸`°Ñ B. J. Roberts, The Old Testament and
Version ¡]1951¡^; E. Wu/rthwein, The
Text of the Old Testament ¡]1957¡^; R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament ¡]1970¡^,
pp.211-243¡C
2 °Ñ J. Muilenburg, 'A Qoheleth Scroll From
Qumran', BASOR, 135, 1954, pp. 20-28 ¡C
3 ¤£¦P¤§³B¦p¤U¡G
4QEc MT
¤14 ky~ k's%r
¤15 gm wgm
¤»3 hnpl
mmnw mmnw
hnpl
¤»4 hlk ylk
¤»6 w~mlw~ w~lw
¤C2 s*]mh]h ms%th
¤C4 byt bbyt
¤C6 gm wgm
¤C7 wy`wh wy~bd
¤C19 t'zr t`z
4 O. Eissfeldt, The Old Testment-An
Introduction¡]1965¡^, p.703¡C
5 D. Barthe*lemy, Les
devanciers d~ Aquila ¡]VTS, 10, 1963¡^, pp
6 The Old Testament in Syriac, part II, fasc. 5¡]Leiden, 1979¡^¡C
7 °Ñ Biblia Sacra iuxta
Latinam Vvlgatam Versionem, XI, Proverbia,
Ecclesiasters, Canticum Canticorum¡]1957¡^¡C
8 °Ñ S. A. B. Mercer, The Ethiopic Text of
the Book of Ecclesiastes: The Oriental Research Series, 6¡]1931¡^¡C
9 °Ñ A. Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic,
vol. IVA, The Hagiographa¡]1968¡^¡C
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¡@¡@µM¦Ó¡A¦³¨Ç½u¯Á¥i¬Ý¥X©Òùªù¥»¨¨Ã«D§@ªÌ¡C¤£¶ÈµoªíªÌÅãµM»P¶Ç¹DªÌ¦³§O¡A¥þ®Ñ¤]ÁקK´£¤Î©Òùªùªº¦W¦r¡CQo{helet[~'¡]¤@1¡B2¡B12¡A¤C27¡A¤Q¤G8¡ã10¡A¤@¯ëĶ§@¶Ç¹DªÌ¡^¥i¯à¬O¤@Óµ§¦W¡C¦r®Ú qhl ¥i¥Î©ó¡u¥l¶°¡v©Î¡u¶°¦X¡v¤H¡A¦Ó«D¦¬¶°¨Æª«¡C¦³¬Û¦üµ²ºcªº¦W¦r¡]so{peret[¡AĶ¬°º¾´´¦C¡A»P¡u¤å¤h¡v¦P¦r¡A©Ô¤G55¡Fpo{k[eret[¡AĶ¬°¬Á¶Â¦C¡A»P¡u¥]²ÏªÌ¡v¦P¦r¡A¥§¤C59¡^¬O«üÓ¤H¡AµM¦Ó³oÃþ¦W¦r¦ü¥G¬O·½¥X¦Û¬Y¨ÇÀY»Î¡C¦p^¤åªº¨©§J¡]Baker¡^©Î¥v±K´µ¡]Smith¡^¬O¦W¦r¡A¤]¬O¾·~¡C¥»¦rªº°Êµü§Î¦¡¬° nighal¡]¥l¶°¡A³Q¶°¦X¡^©M highi^l ¡]±N·|²³¥l¶°°_¨Ó¡^¡C¦p¦¹¡AQo{helet [³o¦W¦rªº§t·N¡A¥i¯à¬O¡u¤@Ó¥l¶°ú󲳨ӧi»|ªº¤H¡v¡A¦Ó¥B¥LÁÙ¾Ö¦³©x¤èªº¤O¶q¡A©Ò¥H¯à¥Î±a«aµüªº¡uthe Qo{helet[¡v¡]¤C27¡^¡C³oÓ§t·N¦b¦C¤ý°O¤W¤K³¹1¸`«Ü®e©ö¤F¸Ñ¡A©Òùªù¦b¨ºùض°¦X¡]qhl¡^¥H¦â¦C¦Ê©m¨Ó·q«ô¡Bë§i¡B°V»£34¡CĶ¬°¡u¶Ç¹DªÌ¡v¡A¯u¬O¦A«ê·í¤£¹L¤F¡C
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¡@¡@°£¤F©Òùªù¤§¥~ÁÙ¦³½Ö²Å¦X¡H©Ò¥H¤£¥Î¥Lªº¦W¦r¡A¤D¦]½sµÛªÌ¬O¥H¦Û¤vªº¤è¦¡¼g§@¡A¦Ó¤£Ä@·NÅý¤H»~¥H¬°¬O©Òùªùª½±µªº§@«~¡CµM¦Ó¥L»{¬°¡A³o¨Ç³£¬O©Òùªùªº¯À§÷¡AY¥L´¿Á¿½×´dÆ[¥D¸q¡A¥²µM·|³o»ò»¡¡C¯S·N¨Ï¥Î¡u¶Ç¹DªÌ¡v¥i¯à·|§ó¤Þ¤Hª`·N¡A´N¦n¹³¤@¥»¥H¡u^¤ý¬ù¿«¡D¥v±K´µ¡v¬°µ§¦Wªº®Ñ¡A¬O¨è·Nn±q¤@^°ê¤ý´ÂªºÆ[ÂI¨Óµoªí¨¥½×¡C¥»®Ñªº¬G¨Æ¤Q¤À¯u¹ê¡A±q©Òùªùªº¸g¾ú¤¤ºK¥X¤FÄ£¤H²´¥Øªº¥\½Ò¡C¦Ó¶Ç¹DªÌ¥»¤H¤]¸Û¹ê¦añ¤U¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r¡]§Ṳ́£§«¦p¦¹§ï¼g¡^¡G
¡@¡@¡u¶Ç¹DªÌ¥ý¥Í¡D¥H¦â¦Cªº¤ý¡v¡C
¡@¡@¥»®Ñ¤é´ÁµLªk½T©w¡C¦pªG®Ñ¤¤ªºªi´µ¦r¬Û·íÅãµÛ¡A¤é´Á´N¥i¯à¦b¥D«e²Ä¤¥@¬ö¤§«á¡C¦ý¦pªG³oÃþ·½¦Û¥ì®Ôªº¦r¤£¨¬¥H¦¨¬°¨M©w¤é´Áªº¦]¯À¡A¡]«Ü¥i¯à·|¦p¦¹¡^¨º»ò¡A³o¥ó¤½®×¥u¦nÄaµÛ¡Aª½¨ì§Ú̹糧®Ñ©Ò¥Îªº¿W¯S¤è¨¥¦³§ó¦hªº»{ÃѬ°¤î35¡C
10 The Jewish Encyclopaedia¡]31923¡^, 5 , p.33¡C
14 H. L. Ginsberg, Studies in Koheleth¡]1950¡^.
15 R. Gordis, 'The Original Language of
Qoheleth,' JQR, 37, 1946, pp.67-84; 'The Translation Theory of Qoheleth
Re-Examined, 'JQR, 40, 1949, pp.103-116; 'koheleth-Hebrew or Aramaic ?
', JBL, 71, 1952, pp. 93-109.
17 R. Gordis, 'Was Koheleth a Phoenician ?
', JBL, 74, 1955, pp. 103-114;
'Qoheleth and Qumran-A Study in Style', Bib, 41, 1960, pp.395-410¡C
18 ¨ÈÄõ¤å¥X²{ªº¦¸¼Æ¥Ø«eÁÙ¨S¦³²Î¤@ªº¬Ýªk¡C¥i¯à¬° k#ba{r¡G¡]¤@10¡Aµ¥¡^¡Am#di^na^
¡]¤G8¡A¤7¡^¡A s%abb#@h]¡]¥|2¡A°Ñ¤K15¡^¡A`inyan¡]¤@13¡Aµ¥¡^¡Ata{qan¡]¤@15¡A°Ñ¤C13¡A¤Q¤G9¡^¡Ata{qap{¡]¥|12¡A¤»10¡^¡A`aldib[rat[¡]¤T18¡A¤C14¡A¤K12¡^¡Apea{s%er¡]¤K1¡^¡As%ilt]on¡]¤K4¡^¡Aq#ra{b[¡]¤E 18¡^¡Agu^mma{s]¡]¤Q8¡^¡Ayissa{k[en¡]¤Q9¡^¡Aben-h]o^ri^m¡]¤Q17¡^¡Amadda{`~¡]¤Q20¡^¡Aba{t]#lu^^¡]¤Q¤G3¡^©M¥Àµ
`@bade^hem ¡]¤E1¡^©M h#b[e{l¡]¤@2¡Aµ¥¡^°Ñ O. Loretz, Qohelet und der Alte Orient ¡]1964¡^, pp.24-25¡F¤]°Ñ M.
Wagner, Die Lexicalishen und Grammatikalischen Arama/ismen im
Alttestamentlichen Hebra/isch 1966¡^¡A¥L»{¬°¶Ç¹D®Ñ3.1% ì¬O¨ÈÄõ¤å¡]P 145¡^C. F.
Whitley ªºÆ[ÂI¬Û¦ü¡]Koheleth ¡]1979¡^, pp
20 °Ñ C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook¡]1963¡^, p.180, text 68:17¡C
21 ¥j¤å¥ó¤¤Y¦³¥Hªñ¥Nªº¦r¥N´À¥j¦r¡A´N¥i±N¤é´Áµy·L®¿«á¡C°Ñ¨£ K. A.
Kitchen, Ancient Orient and Old
Testament¡]1966¡^pp.141-143¡C
22 °Ñ M. H. Pope's¡A¥L¹ï¶®ºqªº pardes ¤]¦³Ãþ¦üªº¬Ýªk¡CÁöµM¥L¤£»{¬°¦¹®Ñ¥þµM¬O¦´Áªº§@«~¡A¦ý¤]¤£Ä±±o®Ñ¤¤¥]§t pardes ¤@¦r¦³¥ô¦ó«n©Ê¡]°Ñ¨£ Song of Songs 1977, p.31¡^¡CG. Archer ¬Û«H³o¦r°_·½©ó±ë¤å¡]A Survey of Old Testament
Introduction 1964, p.470¡^¡C
23 Ãö©ó»P¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦Ìªº±µÄ²¡A°Ñ O. Loretz, Qohelet und der Alte Orient¡]1964¡^¡F¹ï®J¤Îªº±µÄ²¡A¥i°Ñ P.
Humbert, Recherches sur les sources Egyptiennes de
24 ¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¥½´Á¦³´X¦ì¾ÇªÌ«ù¦¹Æ[ÂI¡A ¨£ C. C. Forman, JSS, 3, 1958, pp
25 H. Ranston, Ecclesiastes and Early
Greek Wisdom Literature¡]1925¡^.
26 O. Loretz, Qohelet und der Alte
Orient, pp.45-57. Cyrus Gordon ¦b 'the complete absence of Greek influence,' IEJ,
5, 1955, p.87 ¤¤¤]´£¨ì¡C
27 J. Bright, A History of Israel 21972,
p.452.
29 ¦P¤W¡Avol. 1, p.116¡F°Ñ R.
Kroeber, Der Prediger¡]1963¡^, p.47¡C
31 ¹ï³o¤@ÂI ¡A °Ñ Michael V. Fox ©ÒµÛ
'Frame-Narrative and Composition in the Book of Qoheleth'¡A¤@¤å HUCA, 48, 1977, pp.83-106 ¨ä«ä¸ô¬Æ¬O¯S§O¡C
32 H. L. Ginsberg¡]Strdies in
Koheleh, 1950, pp.12ff.; WIANE, p. 149¡^»{¬° mlk ¤£¬O melek¡]§g¤ý¡^¡A¤D¬O mo{le{k¡A¥L¸ÑÄÀ¬°¡u¤@¦ì°]²£¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡v¡A¬O¤Þ¦Û¤@ªü©Ô§B°Êµü¡A·N¬°¡u¾Ö¦³¡v¡CW. F. Albright µø¥¦¬° mo{le{k ©Î malla{k¡AĶ¬°¡uÅU°Ý¡v¡A®Ú¾Ú¨ÈÄõ¤å°Êµü mlk ¡u¨ó½Í¡v¡]WIANE, p.15¡^¡CÁöµM³o¨Ç°²©w«Ü§l¤Þ¤H¡AµM¦Ó¥u¬O±À´ú¦Ó¤w¡C¤@12¨Ã¨S¦³§R°£¡u¦b¥H¦â¦C¤§¤W¡vªºÃÒ¾Ú¡A¦]¦¹³o¨âºØ²z½×³£¤£¯à¦¨¥ß¡C
33 B. Porten, 'The Structure and Theme of
the Solomon Narrative¡]1 Kings 3-11¡^', HUCA, 38, 1967,
pp.93-128.
34 ¦¹Æ[ÂI»{¬°¡AQo{helet ªº§Î¦¡ qal ¬Û·í©ó hiphil¡C ¥H qal ¨ú¥Nl¥Í°Êµü§@¥ÎªºÁͶաA¦b«á´Á Mishnaic §Æ§B¨Ó¤å¤¤¯S§OÅãµÛ¡C¡]°Ñ¨£ M. H.
Segal, A Grammar of Mishanic Hebrew.1927, p.56¡^¡C
35 ¥D±i±ß´Áªº²z½×¡AÁÙ¸g±`´£¨ì¤@¨ÇÆ[ÂI¡Gi. ®Ñ¤¤¾ú¥v¨Æ¥óªº¿ë»{¡]°Ñ¥|13¡ã16¡A¤E14¡ã15¡^¡Fii. ¦b¶Ç¹DªÌªº¨¥½×¤¤¡A¤Ï¬M¥X¥H¦â¦C³Q¾Û¤§«áªÀ·|ªº°I±Ñ¡Fiii. ¶Ç¹DªÌ´£¨ì¤ýÅv®É»á¨ã§å§P©Ê¡A¨Ã´£¨ì¡u§Ú¥H«e¦bC¸ô¼»§Nªº½Ñ¤ý¡v¡A¡]¤@16¡A¤G9¡^®É¡A³o¨Ç½×ÂI¨S¦³¤@ӫܦ³¥÷¶q¡A³Ì¦n±N¨äÀÁ¸m¤@®Ç¡A¦Ü©ó¥|13¡ã16¡F¤E14¡ã15¨s³º¬O§_®Ú¾Ú¾ú¥v¨Æ¥ó¡A¨Ã¨S¦³¤@Pªº¬Ýªk¡Cn¥Ñ¶Ç¹DªÌ©Ò»¡ªºªÀ·|§ÎºA¨Ó©w¤é´Á¡A¬O«D±`¥DÆ[ªº¡F³o¨Ç¨¥½×¹D¥X¤F¥ô¦ó®É¥N¤HÃþªº¥ú´º¡C¦b©Òùªù¤§«eC¸ô¼»§Nªº½T¦³¦n¨Ç¤ý¡A¦V¥B¤@16©M¤G9©Ò´£¨ìªº¤£¬O¤ýÅv¦Ó¬O´¼¼z¡C¹ï©ó³o¨Çª§½×¡A¥i°Ñ E. J. Young, Introduction to the Old Testament ¡]1960 ¡^pp.367-369;
H. H. Rowley, The Growth of the Old Testament¡]1950¡^, pp.152-154¡C
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¡@¡@¤@¯ë¶Ç²Î»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ»P¨ä¾l¤Q¤G¨÷µÛz¡A³£¬O¦b¥D«á¤@¦Ê¦~¨È¦Ì¥§¨È·|ij¤¤¡]Synod of Jamnia¡^¤¤¯Ç¤J¥¿¨åªº47¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦U¶µÃÒ¾Ú«o¦ü¥G¤£¯à§¹¥þ¾á«O³oÓ»¡ªk¡C©Ô¤ñªº°Q½×nÂI¨Ã«D¶Ç¹D®Ñ¬O§_Äݩ󥿨å¡A¦Ó¬O¬°¤°»ò¥¦¬O¥¿¨å¡C¨È¦Ì¥§¨È·|ij©Ò°Q½×ªº¬O¤w¸g³Qµø¬°¥¿¨åªº¸g¨÷¡A¨Ã¤£¹ï¥ô¦ó¤@¨÷ªº¸ê®æ¦sºÃ48¡C
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¡@¡@¶Ç¹D®Ñªº¤º¤å«ÅºÙ¡A¥Lªº´¼¼z¨Ó¦Û¡u¤@ÓªªªÌ¡v¡A¦b³o´¼¼z¤§¥~ªº¤@¤Á¡A¥¼¨Óªº´¼¼z¤H¥²¶·«D±`¤p¤ß¡]¤Q¤G11¡ã12¡^¡C³o¡u¤@ÓªªªÌ¡v¤£¤Ó¥i¯à¬O«ü©Òùªù©Î¬O§@ªÌ¡FY¬O¦p¦¹¡A«h·N¿×¹ï©Òùªù¤§¥~ªº¤@¤Á´¼¼z§¡ªíÃhºÃ¡A³o¹ê¦b¤£¹³§@ªÌªº¬Ýªk¡C¡u¤@ÓªªªÌ¡vÀ³·í¬O«ü¯«¡C³o¤@¥y¸ÜµLºÃ¬O¡u±Ò¥Ü¡vªºÁ¾»¹»¡ªk¡A¤]¬O¦V·s¬ùªº«ÅºÙ©ÒÁÚ¥Xªº¤@¨B¡C·s¬ù«üºÙ¡G©Ò¦³ªº¸t¸g¡A³£¬O¯«©ÒÀq¥Üªº¡]´£«á¤T16¡^¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ¤]¥]§t¦b¤º¡C
¡@¡@¶Ç¹D®Ñªº¥¿¨å°ÝÃD¯A¤Î³oӫź٪º¥i¾a©Ê¡A³o¬O¯«¾Ç°ÝÃD¡A¤]¬OÓ¤H»P¾ú¥vªº°ÝÃD¡C«ç¼Ë¤~¥i¥H¿ëÃѸt¸gªº¥ô¦ó¤@³¡¤À¬O§_¨ã¦³¤Ñ½áªºÅv«Â¡HµL½×§Ú̪º¥ß³õ¦p¦ó¡AÁ`§K¤£¤F¸¨¤J¤@ºØ´`Àô½×ÃÒ¤¤¡C¤Ï¹ï¥ô¦ó©v±Ð¤åÄm¦³Åv«Âªº¤H¡A·|¹ï¶Ç¹D®Ñ¦³©Ò¹w³]¡A¦Óµo²{¥L©Ò´£¥XªººÃ°ÝªGµM¦s¦b¡C¥t¤@ºØ¤H¨Ó¨ì¸t¸g±«e¡A©Î¬O¶Ç¹D®Ñ±«e¡AÃhµÛ¶}©ñªº¤ß¹w³Æ²âÅ¥¡A´N·|µo²{¶Ç¹DªÌ¹ï¥L»¡ªº¸Ü¬O»D©Ò¥¼»Dªº¡C³o¨âºØ¤H³£¸¨¤J¤F¬YºØ´`Àô¢w¢w¦ý«áªÌ¥i¯à¬OÁ³±Ûª¬´`Àô¡A¦]¬°¥L«á¨Óªº¥ß³õ·|°ª¹L°_ªì¤§®É¡C
¡@¡@¦³¤»¶µ¦]¯À¥i¥Î¥H¿ëÃѸt¸g¤åÄmªºÆF·P¡G¡]1¡^¥¦¦b±ÏÅ«¾ú¥v¤¤ªº¦a¦ì¡F¡]2¡^§@ªÌ©Î¬ÛÃö§@ªÌ¡F¡]3¡^¤º®e¡F¡]4¡^«O¦s±¡§Î¡F¡]5¡^±Ð·|ªº¨£ÃÒ¡F¡]6¡^¸tÆFªº¨£ÃÒ¡C¶Ç¹D®Ñ»P©ÒùªùªºÃö«Y¡AµLºÃ¦³§U©ó¨ä¿ëÃÑ¡CÁöµM§Ú̵o²{©Òùªù¥i¯à¨Ã«D¹ê»Úªº§@ªÌ¡A¦ý¨ä¦a¦ì¨Ã¤£¦p·Q¹³¨º¼Ë·|¾D¶S§í¡F¥¿¦p¦³¨Ç·s¬ù®Ñ¨÷¬OÄÝ¡u¨Ï®{ªº¡v¡A¦ý¨äª½±µ§@ªÌ«o«D¨Ï®{¥»¤H¡C¶Ç¹D®ÑÅãµM¬OÄÝ¡u©Òùªùªº¡v¡A¦ý«o«Dª½±µ¥Ñ¥L°õµ§¡C¶Ç¹D®Ñ¦b±Ï®¦¾ú¥v¤¤¦³¥÷¡A¦]¥¦»P¥Ñ©Òùªù±Ò©lªº´¼¼z¶Ç²Î®§®§¬ÛÃö¡C¥¦¯à§´µ½«O¦s©ó³oºØÀô¹Ò¤¤¡A¤]ȱo§Ú̲`«ä¡C
¡@¡@¤ÀªR¨ì³Ì«á¡A¹ê¦b¬O®Ñ¤¤ªº«H®§Ą̊ú¤F§ÚÌ¡C¦³¤H¦³¦Õ«o¤£Å¥¡F¦³¤H·|»¡¡G¡u§Ú̦AÅ¥§AÁ¿³oÓ§a¡I¡v¡]®{¤Q¤C32¡^¡F¦ý¦³¤H«o·|»¡¡G¡u±q¨Ó¨S¦³¹³¥L³o¼Ë»¡¸Üªº¡I¡v¡]¬ù¤C46¡^¡C
36 °Ñ¡G E. J. Young, 'The canon of the Old Testament" in C. F. H. Henry¡]ed.¡^, Revelation and the Bible ¡]1959¡^,
pp.153-168¡C¦b¦Ò¼{¥¿¨åªº¦]¯À®É¡AY·Qª`«¡u¸g¤å©M¯«¤l¥Á¤§¶¡ªº¯S®íÃö«Y¡A¦]¯«¤l¥Á¬O¥¿¨åªº²Õ¦¨n¯À¡v¡A¥i°Ñ B. S. Child, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture ¡]1979¡^, pp.
46-103¡C
37 S. Z. Leiman, The Canonization of the
Hebrew Scriptures: The Talmudic and Midrashic Evidence ¡] 1976 ¡^, p.14¡C
38 Ben Sira »P¶Ç¹D®ÑªºÃö«Y¡A¥i°Ñ T.
Middendorp, Die Stellung Jesu Ben Siras zwischen Judentum und Hellenismus¡]1973 ¡^, pp.35-90¡C
39 S. Z. Leiman, op. cit., p.29¡C
40 Against Apion 1. 37-43¡C
41 For possible evidence of use of
Ecclesiastes in the Thanks-giving Hymns. °Ñ I. H. Eybers' comments in S. Z. Leiman¡]ed.¡^'The Canon
and Masorah of the Hebrew Bible¡]1974¡^, p.23¡C
42 °Ñ S. Z. Leiman, The Cononiwation of the
Hebrew Scriptures, pp.41-50 for details¡C
43 ¦P¤W¡App.60-64¡C
44 ¦P¤W¡Ap.66¡CI. translate the Hebrew words in this
quotation¡C
45 °Ñ the rabbinic texts M. Eduyoth 5:3 and M.
Yadayim 3:5¡C
46 S. Z. Leiman, op. cit., p.112¡C
47 E.g. H. E. Ryle, The Canon of the Old
Testament¡]1982¡^, p.173¡C
48 °Ñ R. C. Newman, 'The Council of Jamnia and
the Old Testament Canon', WTJ, 38, 1975¡ã6, pp.319-349; J. E. Goldingay, Approaches to Old
Testament Interperation¡]1981¡^, pp.139-145¡C
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¡@¡@¦º¤`¬O¥u¥h¤£¦^ªº¡A¹ï¥Í©R©l²×¬OӶ·tªº³±¼v¡C
¡@¡@¥¦Á{¨ì¤H¡A«o¤£®e¤H±a¨«¥ô¦ó°]²£¡C
¡@¡@¬Ýþ¡IµL¤H¯à¥h¦Ó´_ªð83¡I
¡@¡@¤Ú¤ñÛ¡u¤@´dÆ[ªÌªºÄm¨¥¡v¡]¤é´Á¤£¸Ô¡A¥i¯à¦b¥D«e¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¨ì¤C¥@¬öªº¥ô¦ó®É´Á¡^¤]¦³¬Ý¦P¼Ëªº³ç¹Ä¡G
¡@¡@¤H©Ò§@ªº¤£¯à¥Ã¦s¡A
¡@¡@¤HÃþ©M¨ä¦¨´N²×±N¨Ó¨ìºÉÀY¡K¡K
¡@¡@¤£nÅý´c¹ÚÅÍÂZ§A¤ß¡F
¡@¡@±N´d¶ËµhW»·»·ÅX³v¡F
¡@¡@´d¶ËµhW¤£¹L¦p¹Ú¡C
¡@¡@¥»¤åªºµ²§À¤w¬O¹s¤ùÂ_½g¡A¦ýnÂI«o¬Û·í²M·¡¡G
¡@¡@Åý§Aªº¤ßÂ\²æ¡K¡K²¾¨«¡K¡K
¡@¡@§Aªº®eÃC¡K¡KÄ@¡]§AªºÁy¡^·L¯º¡K¡K84
¡@¡@´dÆ[¥D¸q¹ï¸Ü¿ý¡]¬ù¥D«e1300¦~¡^¤º®e¤]¬Û¥é¡A¤@¦W¶Q±Úp¹º°µ³o°µ¨º¡A¦ý¤@ª½Á|´Ñ¤£©w¡A¥Lªº¹²¤H¦b®Ç´£¨Ñ¦U¼Ë¥¿¤Ïªº²z¥Ñ¡F³Ì«á¹²¤H±Ä¨ú¥D°Ê¡A«ÅºÙ¦Û±þ¬O°ß¤@¦X²zªºµ²§½¡C§Ṳ́£¤Ó½T©w³o½g¤å³¹¨s³º¦³¦hÄYµÂ¡A¦ý¹ï¥j¥NªñªF¤å¤Æ²`¦³¬ã¨sªº¤H¡]S. Langdon, R. J. Williams, W. G. Lambert, T. Jacobsen¡^³£»{¬°¡A¥¦ªºnÂI¬O¼á©ú¤@¤Á§V¤O²×Âk®{µM85¡C
¡@¡@¸Ó½g³Ì«á¤@Ó°ÝÃD¬O¡G¡u¨º»ò¨s³º¤°»ò¬Oµ½¡H¡vµª®×¬O¡G
¡@¡@§A§ÚªºÀV¶µ³£§éÂ_¡A
¡@¡@©ß¦VªeùØ¡A³o´N¬Oµ½ªº86¡C
¡@¡@¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦Ìªº¦N¨à{±ö»¹ªº±Ô¨Æ¸Ö¤]¦³¦P¼Ëªº·P¶Ë¡A¥u¬O¨ä¥DÃD¸û¤@¯ë´dÆ[¤å¾Ç¼sªx¡C³oº¥v¸Ö³ÌµÛ¦Wªºª©¥»¬O¥D«e¤C¥@¬öªº¨È³Ø±o¤åª©¡A¦ý¦ó§Q¤H¡]Hurrian¡^¡A»®¤H©MĬ¬ü¤HªºÂ_¤ù«ü¥X¡A¦³¤@¥»§ó¦ªºª©¥»¡A¥i¯à¬O¬ù¥D«e¤G¤d¦~©Ò¼g¡C¼»±ö»¹¯«´£¥X¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡G
¡@¡@¦N¨à{®¬»¹¡A§An¬y®ö¨ì¦ó¤è¡H
¡@¡@§A°l´Mªº¥Í¬¡¡A±N¥Ã´M¤£ú¦¡C
¡@¡@¦N¨à{±ö»¹¦^µª¡G
¡@¡@¦bªø³~¶[¯A¡A¬y®ö©ó¤j¯ó줧«á¡A
¡@¡@§Ú¥²±N§ÚªºÀY¦w½ö¦b¤j¦aªº¤ß¤W¡A
¡@¡@¦nÅý§Ú¨HºÎ²×¦~¡A
¡@¡@§Úªº²´nª½µø¤Ó¶§¡A
¡@¡@¦nÅý§Úº¡±o¥ú©ú¡I
¡@¡@Y¥ú©ú¥R·¸¡A¶Â·t¥²µMºM°h¡C
¡@¡@Ä@¨C¤@¦ì¤w¦ºªº¤H¤´¯à±o¨£¶§¥úªº¾W¨~87¡I
¡@¡@¶Ç¹D®ÑÄÝ©ó³o¶Ç²Î¡A¨Ã¥B¤]©Ó»{¨ä¤¤³\¦h½×ÂI¡A¶Ç¹DªÌ»¡¡AY§A±Nµø³¥§½¦b³oÓ¥@¬É©M¨ä¸ê·½¡A¤@¤Á´dÆ[ªº½×ÂI³£¬O¯u¹êªº¡C³oÓ¥@¬É¸ÛµM¥þµL·N¸q¡Fµ½¤H´c¤H¦P¼Ë¦º¤`¡F¥@¸ô¤£¥i´ú«×¥B®{³ÒµL¯q¡F´¼¼z¤H©¹¾D³à¤§®a¤ñ¨ì¦w¼Ö¤§®a¾Ç¨ì§ó¦h¡C
¡@¡@µM¦Ó¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ«o¦³¥t¤@±¡C³\¦hµùÄÀªÌ¤w¸Õ¹Ï¸Ñ¶}¥L«ä·Q¤¤Á¼¤@¯ëªº¹Ï§Î¡A¥H¤U§Ú̱N§@²³æªº¤¶²Ð¡C
49 S. N. Kramer, History Begins at
Sumer¡]1961¡^, pp.181-182¡C
50 °Ñ ANET, p.590; S. N. Kramer,¡]"Man and his God", A Sumerian
variation on the "Job" motif¡^, WIANE, pp.170-182¡C ¨£ 'The First Proverbs and Sayings', S. N.
Kramer 16³¹¡AHistory Begins at Sumer¡]1961¡^; E. I. Gordon, Sumerian Proverbs¡]1959¡^, pp.1-21; J. J. A. van Dijk,
51 °Ñ D. J. Wiseman, 'Israel's Literary
Neighbours in the 13th Century B. C.', JNSL 5, 1977, esp. p.85; B.
Alster, The Instructions of Suroppak¡]1974¡^Alster »{¬° Abu Salabikh ³Ì¦ªºÄ¬¬ü¤åª©¤é´Á§ó¦¡A¬ù¦b¥D«e 2500¦~¡C
52 °Ñ Lambert, pp.21-62¡C
53 D. J. Wiseman¡]art. cit., p.83¡^refers to an unpublished text to be dated before 1100 BC, which has often
been the date given to this text¡C
54 °Ñ Lambert, pp.96-107¡C
55 °Ñ Lambert, pp.92-95; B. Alster, op.
cit.¡C
56 °Ñ ANET pp.427-430; A. E. Cowley, Aramaic Papyric of the Fifth Century B.C.
¡]1923¡^, pp. 204-228¡C
57 °Ñ Lambert, pp.110-115¡C
58 D. J. Wiseman, art. cit., p.89¡C
59 °Ñ G. Pettinato, Orientalia, 44,
1975, pp.361-374¡C
60 °Ñ D. J. Wiseman, art. cit., p.85;
C. F. A. Schaeffer¡]ed.¡^, Ugaritica V¡]1963¡^, pp.273-290, 779-784¡C
61 °Ñ G. Posener, Revue d~ Egyptologie, 6, 1949, p.31¡C
62 °Ñ ANET
pp.412-414¡C
63 °Ñ M. Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian
Literature, vol.1¡]1973 ¡^, pp.59-61¡C
64 °Ñ ANET, pp.419-420¡C
65 °Ñ ANET, pp.420-421¡C
66 °Ñ ANEI,, pp.421-425¡C
67 °Ñ ANET, pp.407-410¡C
68 °Ñ ANET, pp.431¡C
69 °Ñ ANET, pp.431-432¡C
70 ³o¨Ç§@«~»P©Ò¦³´¼¼z¤å¾Ç¬O§_¥X¦Û©Òùªù¡A©|µL©w½×¡CR. B. Y.
Scott »{¬°¡A©Òùªùªº¶Ç»¡¬O¤£¥i¾aªº ¡]'Solomon
and the Beginnings of Wisdom in IsraeI', WIANE, pp.262-279 ¡^¡A¦ý¬O®c§Ê¤Hª«¤¤¦³´¼¼z¤Hªº²{¶H¡A¦¦b©Òùªù¤§«e´X¥@¬ö§Y¬°²³©Ò©Pª¾¡A¦]¦¹¹ï©ó¦C¤ý¬ö¤Wªº¬G¨Æ¤£¥²½èºÃ¨ä¥i¾a©Ê¡C
B. Porten ªº¬Ýªk¸ûÄÝ¥¿±¡A¥L·¥¤O¥D±i¦C¤ý¬ö¤W¤T¦Ü¤Q¤@³¹¤D©Òùªù®É¥N©¾¹êªº¼g·Ó¡A°Ñ¨£ 'The Structure and Theme of the Solomon Narrative¡]1 kings
3-11 ¡^', HUCA, 38, 1976, pp.93-128¡C¶®ºqªº§@ªÌ°ÝÃD¡A°Ñ¨£ M. H. Pope, Song of Songs¡]1977¡^pp.22-33ªºµû½×²¤¶¡CÃÙ¦P¬O©Òùªù®É¥N©Î±µªñ©Òùªù¤é´Áªº¾ÇªÌ¡A¦³ M. H. Segal, C. Rabin, G. Gerleman µ¥¤H¡C¨ä¥L¤Hı±o¦¹¸ÖºqÁö¥]§t¤F©ÒùªùªºÃD§÷¡A¦ý³Ì«áªº×q¤é´Á¸û±ß¡]R. Gordis,
W. F. Albright¡^¡CÃö©ó²Ó¸`©M¤@¨Ç°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡A°Ñ¨£ M. H. Pope, loc, cit.¡C
71 °Ñ R. B. Y. Scott, 'The Study of the Wisdom
Literature, ' Interpretation, 24, 1970, pp.20-45, esp. p.29¡C
72 J. Ruffle ¦b³Ìªñªº¬ã¨s¤¤´£¥X·¥¦³¤Oªº²z½×¡A»{¬°¥¦Ì¤§¶¡ªºÃö³s©Ê¨Ã¤£¦p¬Y¨Ç¤H©Ò»{¬°ªº¨º»ò«n¡C°Ñ¨£ 'The Teaching of Amenemope and its Connection with the Book of Proverb', TB,
28, 1977, pp.29-68¡C
73 °Ñ¡G 'The Wisdom Movement and Israel's
Covenant Faith', TB. 17, 1966, pp.3-33¡C
74 °Ñ G. von Rad, Wisdom in Israel¡]1972¡^; Old
Testament Theology, vol. 1¡]1962¡^, pp.418-459¡C
75 °Ñ W. Mckane, Prophets and Wise Men¡]1965¡^; Proverbp¡]1970¡^, pp.10-22¡C
76 °Ñ SIAIW, p.3¡C
77 °Ñ S. R. Driver, An Introduction to the
Literature of the Old Testament ¡]1913¡^, p.406; W. O. E. Oesterley and T. H.
Robinson, An Introduction to the Books of the Old Testament¡]1934¡^,
pp.205-207¡C
78 °Ñ K. A. Kitchen, Ancient Orient and Old
Testament¡]1966¡^, p.127, esp. n. 57¡C
79 °Ñ K. A. Kitchen, 'Proverbs
and Wisdom Books of the Ancient Near East: The Factual History of a Literary Form', TB,
28, 1977, pp.69-114¡C
80 J. L. Crenshaw surveys briefly the main
studies of wisdom in English¡]Old Testament Wisdom ¡]1982¡^, pp
81 °Ñ R. N. Whybray, The Intellectual
Tradition in the Old Testament¡]1974¡^; J. L. Grenshaw, SIAIW pp.4, 37¡C
82 °Ñ R. J. Williams, 'Reflections on the
Lebensmu/de', JEA, 48, 1962, pp.49-56; R. O. Faulkner, 'The Man Who Was Tired
Of Life', JEA, 42, 1956, pp.21¡ã40¡C
83 ANET, p.467¡A¨ä¥L¤å¥ó«Å¬ªµ´±æ¤§±¡©Î¤Ï¬M¥Í©Rªºº©µL¥Øªº§@«~¡A¦³¡GThe Admonition of Ipurwer¡]ANET, pp.441¡ã444¡^¡F¥D«e¬ù 2000 ¦~ªº Discourse
of Si-Sobek¡A¥L©ê«è»¡¡G¡u³o¬O«ç»ò¦^¨Æ¡A¤£ª¾¦b¥Í©R¤¤·|µo¥Í¦ó¨Æ¡K¡K¡v¡]J. W. Barns, Fise Ramesseum Papyri 1956, p.4 ¡^, The
Eloquent Peaseant¡]ANET, pp.407-410¡^¡A¥H¤Î Instruction of
Amen-Em-Opet, ch, 18¡]ANET, pp.423-424¡^¡C
84 Lambert, p.109. ¥»¬q¬A©·³B¸g¤å·N¸q»P½Ķ¤£½T©w¡C
85 °Ñ E. A. Speiser, 'The Case of Obliging Servant'
in Oriental Biblical Studies ¡]ed. J. J. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg,
1967¡^pp.334-366¥L¦Û¤v«ù¤£¦PªºÆ[ÂI¡C
86 Lambert, p.149¡C
87 ANET p.89¡C
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¡@¡@¦³¨Ç¾ÇªÌµø«ä·QªºÂàÅܬ°¨âÓ¤H¦b¹ï¸Ü¡A©öº¸¡]F. Yeard¡^89¥H¬°¡A¶Ç¹DªÌªº¸Ü±`³Q¤@²{¹êªº¨É¼Ö¥D¸qªÌ©Î¤@°ª¶®ªº¨É¼Ö¥D¸qªÌ¥´Â_¡F1778¦~»®¼w¡]J. Herder¡^90©M1779¦~¦ã¸ÖÂE¡]J. G. Eichhorn¡^91¤]±Ä¯Ç³oÆ[ÂI¡C
¡@¡@¦ý³\¦h¤H»{¬°¡A³o¨Ç«ä·QªºÂàÅܤD¬O¦b¦P¤@¦ì§@ªÌªº¤ß¤¤¶i¦æ¡C´¶±[¯S¡]Plumptre¡^»¡¡G¡u§@ªÌªº«ä·Q¤D¬O¸g¹L³Y²§©MÂàÅÜ¡A¤~±o¨ì³Ì«áªºµ²½×¡C¡v¬ì¥§º¸¡]C. H. Cornill¡^·P¨ì¥L¥Rº¡ÃhºÃ©M§x´b¡AµM¦Ó¡A³Ì«á¥Ñ¨ä¤¤´£ª@¡A¥HP¡u¬ùªº·q°@¦b¶Ç¹D®Ñ¤¤¤jÀò¥þ³Ó¡A¶W¹L©Ò¦³¸g¨÷¡K¡K¡A¥L¶¶ªA¤Ñ©R¡A¾a¿à«Äµ£¯ëªº«H¤ß¡A¾¨ºÞ¨Æ¹êÃÒ©ú³o«H¤ß¨Ã¤£¯à§¹¥þº¡¨¬¨ä§x´b¡C¡v92
¡@¡@¤]¦³¤H»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹DªÌªº´dÆ[¥D¸q¡A¬O¥H§G¹D¬°¥Øªº¡C¦Û±q§f©Ô¡]Nicolas
de Lyra¡A¬ù1270¡ã1349¡^¥H¨Ó¡A¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A°ò·þ±Ð¦b¶Ç²Î¤W³£¥H¬°¡A¥Lªº¥Øªº¤D¬Oªí²{¥@¬ÉªºµêµL¡A±N¤H¤ßÁ|¦V¤Ñ¤Wªº¨Æ¡C³o¬O³\¦h§ó¥¿±Ð©M²M±Ð®{¤Î¨ä«áÄ~ªÌªº¬Ýªk¡]Whitaker, Pemble, Cocceius, the 'Dutch Annotations', John Trapp, Matthew
Poole, Matthew Henry¡^¡C¥¬§Qªv´µ¡]C. Bridges ¡^¥i¥H¥Nªí³oºØ¶Ç²Î¡G¡u§ÚÌ©Ò¥H·|À|¨ü¦a¤W¤p·ËªºµhW¡A¥Øªº¬O¥i¥H¯¸¦b¤Ñ¤W¬u·½¤§®Ç¡A¦V¦P¬O¸o¤Hªº¹Ù¦ñÌ«ü¥X¡A§ÚÌ«oÂ÷±óªº¥@¬É¦óµ¥µêªÅ¡A¦Ó§ÚÌ·sµo²{ªº¥@¬É¦³¦óµ¥ªººaÄ£©M²¢¬ü¡C¡v93¬ù¿«½Ã´µ²z94¤]«ù¦P¼Ëªº¬Ýªk¡Fªñ¥N¤´¦³¤H©ÓÄ~³oºØÆ[ÂI¡A¨ä¤¤¥H¦ë´µµn§B¡]E. W. Hengstenberg¡^³Ì¬°µÛ¦W¡C
¡@¡@¦³¤H±N¦¹Æ[ÂIµy§@קï¡A»{¬°¡u¥»®Ñ¬O½×¡y¤é¥ú¤§¤U¡zªº¤H¡A¬O¤H¹ï¥Í©Rªº±À²z¡A«ü¥X¤H¥s¯à§@ªº³Ì¬ü¤§¨Æ¡K¡K¡A¯«ªºÀq¥Ü·Ç½T¦a¼g¤U¤H¥Íªº¾úµ{¡AµM¦Ó¨äµ²½×©M²z¥Ñ²¦³º¬OÄݤHªº¡C¡v95
¡@¡@¤G¤Q¥@¬öªì¦³¤T¦ì¾ÇªÌ¡A^°êªº³Á¥§º¸¡]A. H.
McNeile¡^¡A¬ü°êªº¤Ú¹y¡]G. A. Barton¡^©Mªk°êªºªi©³¬d¡]E. Podechard¡^«h»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ¤D¤@ÃhºÃ½×ªÌªºìµÛ¡A¥[¤W³\¦h¸àÄÀªþ¥[ªºµù¸Ñ¡C¥L̬۫H¡Aªþ¥[ªº³¡¥÷¥i¤À¬°¨â²Õ¡G¤@²Õ¤Ï¬M¥¿²Î¬£¥H¦â¦C¤HªºÆ[ÂI¡A¥t¤@²Õ«h¬°±ß´Á´¼¼z§@ªÌªºÆ[ÂI¡C³oºØ³B²z¤è¦¡¤£ºâ§¹¥þ·sÂA¡A1884¦~²¦§Jº¸¡]G. Bickell¡^¤w¦³¦¹¥D±i¡A»{¬°¶Ç¹D®Ñì®Ñªº§Î¦¡¤w¸g³Q¤¾ªøªºªþ¥[µùÄÀ§Ë²V¤F96¡C»¨´¶¯S¡]P. Haupt¡^»{¬°222¸`¤¤¥u¦³124¸`¬°ìµÛ97¡C¦è®æµÌ¼w¡]D. C. Siegfried ¡^»{¬°¬O¤EÓ¤Hªº¦¨«~¡A¤¦ì¬Oì§@ªÌ¡A¨â¦ì¬°µ²½×ªÌ¡A¨â¦ì¬°½s¿è98¡CµM¦Ó³o¨ÇÆ[ÂI¤@¦V³Qµø¬°¤Ó¹L·¥ºÝ¡Aª½¨ì³Á¥§º¸¡B¤Ú¹y©Mªi©³¬d´£¥X§óÄYÂÔªº»¡ªk¡Aªþ¥[µùÄÀªº²z½×¤~¶}©l¨ü«µø¡C
¡@¡@³Á¥§º¸»{¬°¡A¤@1¡ã2¤Î¤Q¤G8¡ã10¤D½sªÌ©Òªþ¥[¡Aì§@«~«h¬°ÃhºÃ½×¡C¥Lªº½×ÂI¬O¡G¥»®Ñ¤£¥i¯à¬O©Òùªùªº§@«~¡A¦Óì§@ªÌ¤£·|¦b§@«~¤¤¥H²Ä¤T¤HºÙ¨Ó½×¨ì¦Û¤v¡C¥L·Pı¦³¤Q¤K³B¬O¤@¦ì¡u´¼¼z¤H¡v©Òªþ¥[ªº¡A©Î¬O»P¤W¤U¤åµLÃö¡A©Î¬OÁB¥¿¥»®Ñªº¬Y³¡¥÷¡A©Î¬O¨ä¡u§N®mªº±Ð°V·®æ¡v»P¶Ç¹D®Ñ¼ö¯P¦y¾Uªº©ê«è«ê¦¨¹ï¤ñ¡C¥L¥D±i¥t¦³¤Q¤@³B¬O¤@¦ì°@¸ÛªºµS¤Ó¤H©Ò¥[¡A¬°n¨Ï¦¹®Ñ¦X¥G·í®Éªº¥¿²Î¬£¡C
¡@¡@¦P¼Ë¡A¤Ú¹y»{¬°¦@¦³¤T¦ì½s¿è¡A¤@¦ì¬O¡u°@¸Û¤H¡v¡A¥t¤@¦ì¬O¡u´¼¼z¤H¡v¡A³Ì«á¤@¦ì½s¿è«h¥[¤W¤@2¡A¤C27©M¤Q¤G8¡Cªi©³¬d«ùÃþ¦ü¬Ýªk¡A¨Ã»{¬°°£¤F¨â¦ì³Ì¥Dnªº¥[µùªÌ¥~¡A³Ì«áªº½s¿è¥i¯à¤£¤î¤@¦ì99¡C
¡@¡@ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A«Ü¤Ö¦³¤H±µ¨ü¦´Á·¥ºÝªºªþ¥[µù¸Ñ²z½×¡C¤j¥bªñ¥N¾ÇªÌ³£»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ©Î¦h©Î¤Ö¬O¤@Ó¾ãÅé¡A¦ý¬O¥L©M¦´Á¥H¦â¦C¥¿²Î¬£«ù¬Û¹ïªº®ø·¥¥ß³õ¡C¦³¤H»{¬°¡A©Î³\¦³·¥¤Ö³¡¥÷¬°ªþ¥[µù¸Ñ¡A¦ýµ´¤£¹³³Á¥§º¸¡B¤Ú¹y©Mªi©³¬d©Ò»{¬°ªº¨º»ò¦h¡C«ä¸ôªºÂàÅÜ¥i¯à¶È¬O¡u¤ß±¡©M»y®ðªºÂàÅÜ¡v¦Ó¤w¡]ô²Ã´µ¡^¡C¹ÅªL¡]K. Galling¡^»{¬°¥¦¬O¤@³s¦ê©¼¦¹µLÃöªº¸Ö¡A¥u¦³¤@1¡ã11©M¤Q¤G8¡ã14¬O«á¨Óªþ¥[ªº100¡C¨©´Ë¡]A. Bentzen¡^µø¤§¬°¤@²§ºÝ¤§®Ñ101¡C®wº¸¡]C. Kuhl¡^«h»{¬°¥u¦³¤T17¡A¤19¡A¤K5¡B12¡B13¡A¤Q¤G9¡ã14µ¥¬q¸¨¬O´¡¤Jªº102¡C³·æ¡]A. Weiser¡^¦C¥Xªºµù¸Ñ²M³æ¬O¤G26¡A¤T17¡A¤19¡A¤C29¡A¤K5¡A¤Q¤@9¡B¤Q¤G7103¡C¦ã´µ¥±¦C¥X¤G26¡A¤T17¡A¤C18¤U¡B26¤U¡A¤K5¡A12¤U¡A13¤W¡A¤Q¤@9¤U¡A¤Q¤G7¤U¡B12¡ã14104¡C§J³Ò§B105¡]R. Kroeber¡^©MÃÙ¦ò106¡]R. H. Pfeiffer¡^¤]«ù¦P¼Ë¬Ýªk¡C¯Áª÷¡]J. A. Soggin¡^»{¬°¥»®Ñ¤D¡u²Î¤@¤Æªº²Õ¦X¦¨«~¡v107ô²Ã´µªº¬Ýªkµy·L¤£¦P¡A¥L»{¬°¦³¨Ç³¹¸`¬O¿Ø¨ë©Êªº¡A¦³¨Ç«h¬°¥¼»¡©úªº¤Þ¥Î¥y¡A¦ý¥þ®Ñì¬O¤@Ó¾ãÅé¡C
¡@¡@»{¬°¥»®Ñ¤DÃhºÃ½×§@«~ªºÆ[ÂI¦³¤@¬q®É´Á»á¦ûÀu¶Õ¡A²ö©Ô«Ò¡]F. L. Moriarty¡^¦b1960¦~¬Æ¦Ü¼g¹D¡G¡u¤£®ø»¡¡A¶Ç¹DªÌ¥¿¬O¤@ÃhºÃ½×ªÌ¡v108¡C®wº¸»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹DªÌªº¯«¨Ã«D¥H¦â¦Cªº¯«¡AÍ¢¡u¨Ã¤£¬O¨º¦ì¤½¸qªº¯«¡A¦Ó¬O¤@¶ZÂ÷»»»·¡BÁô±Kªº¯«¡AÍ¢³y¦¨¤H¥Í¤¤ªº¥Ù¬Þ©Mºò±i¡]¤T1¥H¤U¡^¡A¬°ªº¬On¤HÄß©ÈÍ¢¡]¤T14¡^¡C¡v©ó¬O®wº¸»{¬°¶Ç¹DªÌ»P¯«¤§¶¡¡u¨ÃµLÓ¤HªºÃö«Y¡v¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ¥L¡u¼~Æ{ªº¦¸µ¥°ò·þ®{ºA«×¡A»P¬ùªº·q°@¬Û¶Z¤Q¸U¤K¤d¨½¡v109¡C¤]¦³¾ÇªÌ»¡¡A³oºØ¡uµL¹D¼wªº¤H¥ÍÆ[¬O°ò©óµL¹D¼wªº¯«Æ[¡v110¡C
¡@¡@µM¦Ó¦³¨Ç¤H«o»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹DªÌ¬O¥H¤Ï±ªº¤è¦¡¶¡±µ«Å§i¯«©M«H¤ß¥Í¬¡ªº¯u¹ê¡C³Ò«¢¡]Lauha¡^»{¬°¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ¤D¡u´¦¶}¥@«U¥D¸q¤H¥ÍÆ[ªºµL±æ©Mº|¹ú¡A¦p¦¹µ¥©ó¶¡±µ«Å§i¯«¬O¤S¯u¤S¬¡ªº¡A¥H¤Î¨CÓ¤H¤£¥iÁקK·|¦³«H¤ßªº±Ã¤ã111¡C¡v
¡@¡@¦]¦¹¡A§ÚÌn±¹ï¨âÓ°ÝÃD¡G¥»®Ñ¬O§_¦³ªþ¥[³¡¥÷¡H¬O§_¥i¯à§ä¨ì¥»®ÑI«áªº¥Øªº¡A¥H»¡©úì¤åªººØºØ²{¶H¡H¥H¤U§ÚÌ´N¨Ó½Í½Í³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C
88 ¬° J. S. Wright ©Ò¤Þ¥Î ¡A'The Interpretation of Ecclesiastes, EQ,
18, 1946, p.19 ¥ç¬° S. Holm-Nielsen ©Ò¤Þ¥Î¡A'On The Interpretation of Qoheleth in Early Christianity', VT, 24,
1974, pp.168-177¡F¦P¤@µÛªÌªº 'The Book
of Ecclesiastes and the Interpretation of it in Jewish and Christian Theology',
APTI, 10, 1976, pp.38-96¡C
90 ¬° Podechard ©Ò¤Þ¥Î¡Ap.143¡C
91 °Ñ a later statement in J. G. Eichhorn, Einleitung
in Das Alte Testament ¡]1803¡^vol. 3, pp.650-655¡C
94 The Works of Wesley¡]1898¡^vol. 4,
p.91¡C
97 P. Haupt, The Book of Ecclesiastes¡]1905¡^¡C
98 D. C. Siegfried, Prediger und
Hoheslied¡]1898¡^¡C
99 ³Qµø¬°¥Ñ¸ÓÄÀªÌ²K¥[ªº¹ï·Óªí¡A°Ñ«e®Ñ5, p.8¡C
100 K. Galling, Die Fu/nf Megilloth¡]1940¡^¡C
104 O. Eissfeldt, The old Testament-An
Introduction¡]1965¡^, p.499¡C
105 R. Kroeber, Der Prediger¡]1963¡^, p.38¡C
106 R. H. Pfeiffer, Introduction to the
Old Testament¡]1948¡^p.728¡C
107 J. A. Soggin, Introduction to the Old
Testament¡]1976¡^p.399¡C
110 °Ñ D. B. Macdonald, The Herew
Philosophical Genivs: A Vindication¡]1936¡^, ch. 5¡C
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¡@¡@¶Ç¹DªÌªº¥ß½×¤¤¡AÁÙ¦³¦¸nªº·t¥Ü¡A¬O´¼¼zªº¦³¡C¥L«ü¥X¡u¤é¥ú¤§¤U¡v¤H¥Í¤@¤Á³£¬OµêªÅ¡A´¼¼z¤]µL¯à¬Û§U¡C´¼¼zY¬O¯«©Ò½çªº¡A¦b¯«±«e¹B§@¡A¬O¥i¥Hªº¡F¦ýYn¥H¿W¥ß¦Û¨¬ªº´¼¼z§@¬°¤H¦b¡u¤é¥ú¤§¤U¡v³B¹ÒªºÃĤè¡A«h¤£¬°¶Ç¹DªÌ©Ò®e¡C¦]¦¹¡A»ô³Á¨½¡]Zimmerli¡^ªºÆ[ÂI«Ü¦³¹D²z¡A¥L»¡¡A¶Ç¹D®Ñ¬O¡u¤@¹D³Ì«e½uªº¨¾¿m¤u¨Æ¡A¥¦¤£³\´¼¼z¶V¹L¬É½u¡A¨ì¹F¦Û»{´x´¤¤H¥ÍÃÀ³Nªº¹Ò¬É¡C¡v123¡C
¡@¡@µM¦Ó¶Ç¹DªÌªº¥Øªº¤ñ³oÁÙ¤j¡C¥L¤£³æ¬°´¼¼z³]¡A¤]¬°¤HÃþ©Ò¦³ªº¸ê·½³]¡C¥L¬O¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ¦Û§Ú¨Ì¿à§Î¦¡ªº«e½u¨¾½ÃªÌ¡C¥Ln¤H·q¬È¯«¡]¤T14¡A¤7¡A¤K12¡A¤Q¤G13¡^¡A¦]³o¤£¶È¬O´¼¼zªº¶}ºÝ¡A¤]¬O©Ò¦³³ß¼Ö¡Bº¡¨¬¡B¦³¤O¶q¡A¦³¥Øªº¤H¥Íªº¶}ºÝ¡C
¡@¡@¶Ç¹DªÌ§Æ±æ¤Þ¾É§Ú̲æÂ÷¦Ûº¡¦Ó¤£·q°@ªº¥Í¬¡¡A¦]¬°ÁöµM³oºØ¥Í¬¡¦ü¥GºÀÄR¦h«º¡A¨ä¤¤«o¥²¦³¼J¿Ø©MµhW¡F¥L¤]nÅý§Ṳ́£¦A«H¾a´¼¼z¡BÅw¼Ö¡B°]´I©M¤HÃþªº¤½¸q©Î¥¿ª½¡C¥L§Æ±æ¯à¢¨Ï§Ú̬ݨ£¯«¦b¨º¨à¡AÍ¢¬J¬üµ½¤SºB´n¡C±©¦³³oºØÆ[ÂI¡A¤~¯à¨Ï¥Í¬¡¦³·N¸q¡B¦³º¡¨¬¡C
113 Lambert, p.113¡A²Ä17¦æ¡F¥ç¨£²Ä 30 ¦æ¡C
114 Lambert, p.59¡A¦b 29-36 ¦æ¤W¤U¤å¤¤ªº²Ä 31 ¦æ¡FLambert,
p.201¡AË¼Æ IV¡A²Ä¤G¦æ¡CNisaba and Wheat ¤]´£¨ì¡B¤Ñ©M¦a¡]Lambert, p.175, 11¦æ¡^¡FLudlul Bel
Nemeqi¡]¡u¦a¾Q³]°_¨Ó¡A¤Ñ¾Q±i¶}¨Ó¡v Lambert, p.59, 37¦æ ¡^¡FAddress to
a Prince ¡]Lambert, p.115, 42¦æ¡^¡C³oºØ¤G¤¸©Ê¦b The S%amas% Hymn ¤¤¤]´¿¥X²{¡]Lambert, pp.126¡ã138¡^¡C
115 ANET, p.467¡C
117 °Ñ J. Friedrich, Orientalia, New
Series, 18, 1948, pp.28-29¡C
118 °Ñ H. Donner and W. Ro/llig, Kanaanische rnd Arama/ische
Inschriften¡]Band I, 1962¡^, pp.2-3¡]texts 13 and 14¡^¡C
119 °Ñ Plumptre, and Ranston, p.25¡C
120 ¶Ç¤@13¡A¤G26¡]¨â¦¸¡^¡A¤T10¡B11¡A¤18¡B19¡A¤»2¡A¤K15¡A¤E9¡A¤Q¤G7¡B11¡C
121 ¶Ç¤G10¡B21¡A¤T22¡A¤18¡B19¡A¤E6¡B9¡C
123 W. Zimmerli, 'The Place and Limit of the
Wisdom in the Framework of the Old Testament Theology', SJT, 17, 1964,
pp.146-158, esp. p.158¡C
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¡@¡@¥H¤Wªº¤jºõ¦³³\¦h«Ý»¡©ú¤§³B¡FµM¦Ó¦b¬ãŪ¶Ç¹D®Ñ®É¡AŪªÌ·|µo²{¡A«Ý»¡©úªº¦a¤è§ó¦h¡C¥H¤Uªºµù¸Ñ±N³¯©ú¶Ç¹DªÌ¤ß¤¤ªº½T¦³«ä·Qªº¶i®i¡A¥B¦³«Ü²M·¡¦Ó«ÈÆ[ªº«ü¼Ð¡C³o¨Ç«ü¼Ð¥]¬A¡G¡]i¡^¤@1ÅãµM¬°¼ÐÃD¡C¡]ii¡^±q¤@2¡ã¤G23¤¤¡A¥i²M·¡¬Ý¨£²z½×ªº¶i®i¡C¡]iii¡^¤G24¥iÆ[¹î¨ì²z½×ªºÂàÅÜ¡A¨ä«e«á´XÓ¨üµü§¡¤£¦P¡C¡]iv¡^¥DÃDªº³s³e©Ê¦b¥|1¡ã16¡A¤8¡ã¤»12¡A¤E11¡ã¤Q20²M·¡¥i¨£¡A¤C1¡ã¤K1©M¤K2¡ã¤E10¤]²¤¦³Ãö³s¡C¡]v¡^¤Q¤@1¡ã¤Q¤G8«_¥X¤@³s¦êªº©¾§i¡C¡]vi¡^¤Q¤G9¡ã14«Ü©úÅã¬O§@ªÌ©Î½sªÌ©Ò¥[ªºªþ½g¡C
¡@¡@³o¨Ç²z¥Ñ¨S¦³¤@¶µ¬O¥DÆ[ªº¡A¤@¤Á³£¦bì¤å¤¤¥i¨£¡C¦]¦¹§Ú̩γ\¥i¥H¦p¦¹µ²½×¡G¶Ç¹DªÌ¦b½sÄ¡¥Lªº½e¨¥¡B½×»¡©M²z½×¤§®É¡A¤ß¤¤¦³¤@«ä·Qªº¯ßµ¸¡A©Î³\¥¿¦p¥H¤U¤jºõ©Ò¥Ü¡G
124 °Ñ R. E. Murphy, 'The Pense*es of Coheleth', CBQ, 17, 1958, pp.184-194¡C
125 °Ñ A.G. Wright, ' The Riddle of the Sphinx:
The Structure of the Book of Qoheleth, ' CBQ, 30, 1968, p.313¡C
126 °Ñ A. G. Wright, art. cit., p.314,
for references¡C
127 ¦P¤W¡App.315-316¡C
128 J. A. Loader, Polar Structures in the
Book of Qoheler ¡]1979¡^ ȱoª`·Nªº¬O¡ALoader ¤£§Æ±æ±N¥LªºPolar
structures Æ[ÂI©M®Ñ¤¤¤å¾Çªº¥¿¦¡µ²ºc¬°¤@½Í¡C
130 °Ñ H. L. Ginsberg, 'The Structure and
Contents of the Book of Koheleth', WIANE, pp.138-149¡C
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